Johann Karl Friedrich Gauss

Karl Friedrich Gauss was born in 1777 and died in 1855. He was a German mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. Gauss was educated at the Caroline College, Brunswick, and the Univ. of Göttingen, his education and former(a) research being financed by the Duke of Brunswick. Following the death of the duke in 1806, Gauss became director (1807) of the astronomical observatory at Göttingen, a post he held until his death. He was considered the greatest mathematician of his time and as the equal of Archimedes and Newton, Gauss showed his genius early and made many of his near-valuable discoveries before he was twenty.

Gauss was extremely careful and rigorous in each(prenominal) his work, insisting on a complete inference of any result before he would hold out it. As a consequence, he made many discoveries that were not assign to him and had to be remade by others later; for example, he anticipated Bolyai and Lobachevsky in non-Euclidean geometry, Jacobi in the double periodicity of elliptic functions, Cauchy in the opening of functions of a complex variable, and Hamilton in quaternions. However, his published works were affluent to establish his reputation as iodine of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Gauss early discovered the law of quadratic reciprocity and, on an individual basis of Legendre, the system of least squares. He showed that a regular polygonal shape of n sides can be constructed using only clench and straight edge only if n is of the form 2p(2q+1)(2r+1)..., where 2q + 1, 2r + 1,...are prime(a) numbers.

In 1801, following the discovery of the asteroid Ceres by Piazzi, Gauss calculated its orbit on the basis of very some accurate observations, and it was rediscovered the following year in the precise positioning he had predicted for it. He tested his method again successfully on the orbits of other asteroids discovered over the next few years and finally presented in his Theoria motus corporum celestium (1809) a complete word of the calculation of the orbits of planets and comets from observational data. From 1821, Gauss was engaged by the governments of Hanover and Denmark in nexus with geodetic survey work. This led to his extensive investigations in the hypothesis of space curves and surfaces and his important contributions to differential geometry as well as to such practical results as his invention of the heliotrope, a spin used to measure distances by means of reflected sunlight.

Gauss was as well fire in electric and magnetic phenomena and after about 1830 was regard in research in collaboration with Wilhelm Weber. In 1833 he invented the electric telegraph. He also made studies of terrestrial magnetic attraction and electromagnetic theory. During the last years of his life Gauss was concerned with topics at one time falling under the general heading of topology, which had not soon enough been developed at that time, and he correctly predicted that this subject would generate of great importance in mathematics.

Contributions:?At 24 years of age, he wrote a book called Disquisitines Arithmeticae, which is regarded today as one of the most influential books written in math.

?He also wrote the first modern book on number theory, and be the law of quadratic reciprocity.

?In 1801, Gauss discovered and developed the method of least squares fitting, 10 years before Legendre, unfortunately, he didnt publish it.

?Gauss proved that every number is the sum of at most three triangular numbers and developed the algebra of congruences.

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